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Objective: This paper covers the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on bank activity and bank development which is aimed at ensuring competitiveness and stability of the Russian bank system. The aim of this paper is to study the results of bank activity and areas for further development of Russian banks under the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted on the basis of a systematic and integrated approach with a set of general scientific and private scientific methods. Results: It is crucial to integrate risk management in business strategy and management systems of Russian banks, to combine accurate and reliable planning and forecasting in banking, to ensure efficient management of spending so as to increase operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness based on digital technology. Conclusions: The main approach to risks management should be holistic, comprehensive, and timely implemented into banking activity to ensure its stability and competitiveness in the long run. © 2022, Centro Universitario Curitiba - UNICURITIBA. All rights reserved.
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The article analyzes the measures of state support for agriculture in the Russian Federation. State support of agrarian sector is a basic component of state-legal regulation of the sphere of agriculture and represents a totality of various forms and instruments of influence on social and economic life of society for the purpose of dynamic development of agrarian sphere. State support measures for agriculture are important in the in the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the goals and objectives formulated in the adopted and adopted by the supreme body of the executive power state programs for agricultural development often have problems with their financial support. Analysis of existing state support measures for agriculture has shown that some of them need improvement. Most of them are aimed mainly at large agricultural producers, leaving out small forms of farming. In the article, emphasis is placed on the need to improve the mechanism providing state support to the subjects of the agricultural industry through digital services throughout Russia. Subsidies, grants, soft loans and other support measures can be obtained electronically, which will make the process more transparent. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The results of the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 have demon-strated, on the one hand, the particular vulnerability of both transport workers and passengers of public transport and taxis to the risk of contracting infectious diseases, and on the other hand, the growing need to use vehicles to ensure uninterrupted transportation in order to counter the infection. supplying the population with medicines and food, providing medical care to the sick, etc. The experience of organizing work to provide such services and work in the context of preventing the spread and counteracting the coronavirus infection COVID-19 in a number of foreign countries has shown a high degree of efficiency in the use of unmanned vehicles to minimize contacts with the population of areas with a high risk of infection. As practice has shown, the effectiveness of the use of unmanned vehicles in a number of megacities in order to ensure the prevention of infection, the organization of quarantine measures, primary medical care for the infected, the delivery of food, medicines, is highly appreciated. However, the application of this kind of experience implies the need to ensure the safety of using highly automated vehicles in an urban agglomeration, which are a source of increased danger, which requires the adoption of sound political and organizational decisions, accompanied by the issuance of relevant regulatory legal acts. Thus, the theoretical relevance of the scientific study of issues related to the legal support for the use of unmanned vehicles in megacities in the context of counteracting the spread of the pandemic, as well as the practical significance of developing proposals on this basis to improve the norms of Russian legislation, is obvious. Background. The results of the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 have demonstrated, on the one hand, the particular vulnerability of both transport workers and passengers of public transport and taxis to the risk of contracting infectious diseases, and on the other hand, the growing need to use a significant number of vehicles to combat infection. ensuring an uninterrupted supply of medicines and food to the population, providing medical care to the sick, etc. The lack of scientific analysis of the experience of legal regulation of the organization of work to provide such services and work in the context of preventing the spread and counteracting the coronavirus infection COVID-19 in a number of foreign countries is a factor that limits the possibility of using unmanned vehicles to minimize contacts with the population of areas with a high risk of infection. Purpose. The aim of the work is to develop, on the basis of a critical understanding of foreign experience in the use of highly automated vehicles in order to counteract the spread of epidemics and pandemics, to study regulatory and scientific sources of proposals for improving the norms of legislation, establishing the procedure and rules for the use of unmanned vehicles in a metropolis, the responsibility of the subjects of legal relations arising from this. systematic analysis of the legal framework and experience in organizing the efficient and safe use of highly automated vehicles in an urban agglomeration, which will ensure the wider use of unmanned vehicles to supply and assist the population living in areas of urban agglomerations with a high degree of infection risk. Materials and research methods. Based on the systematic use of the tools of comparative legal and structural and functional analysis, the authors study the scientific literature, regulatory legal and individual acts on ensuring the efficient and safe use of highly automated vehicles in an urban agglomeration, recognized in accordance with Russian legislation as a source of increased danger. Also, legal norms establishing the responsibility of subjects of legal relations arising in the process of using unmanned vehicles in a metropolis are subjected to formal dogmatic analysis. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive study of foreign and Ru sian literary sources, legislative norms and law enforcement practice, the authors for-mulated proposals for improving legal regulation in this area. In particular, it is proposed to unambiguously fix in the Russian legislation the requirements for an automated control system, including, among other things, the requirement to ensure traffic safety without driver intervention when using the system within its normal operation environment, the requirement to have an alarm system for going beyond the standard operating environment. situations of particular importance for the use of an unmanned vehicle in a metropolitan area in areas with a high degree of infection risk. In order to overcome the gaps in the legislation, to assess the lack of an unmanned vehicle, the authors proposed the introduction of an additional qualitative criterion, which can be the "ideal driver” standard, which has received a fairly detailed development in the German doctrine. The legalization of this criterion in the Russian positive law will allow, in the absence of special technical regulation, to eliminate the problems of law enforcement in determining the lack of an unmanned vehicle associated with a narrow understanding of the "lack of goods” in the Federal Law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights”, which implies its non-compliance with mandatory safety requirements, which will have a significant impact on the possibility of using unmanned vehicles in a metropolis in order to minimize the risks of the spread of epidemics and pandemics. Conclusion. The proposed changes to Russian legislation will make it possible to more clearly regulate issues related to the legal and organizational support for the efficient and safe use of highly automated vehicles in an urban agglomeration, which are recognized in accordance with Russian legislation as a source of increased danger, which will have a significant positive impact on the possibility of using unmanned vehicles in urban areas. metropolis in order to minimize the risks of the spread of epidemics and pandemics. © 2022, Science and Innovation Center Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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The article analyzes the experience of introducing restrictive administrative and legal measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent application. In the context of the continuing danger of the spread of new viral infections, this experience is useful not only in a theoretical sense, but also suggests further improvement of legislation in this area, which should be focused on preventing possible legal gaps. The authors propose to develop and adopt at the federal level packages of restrictive measures that can be introduced in a particular territory, depending on the level of threat of the spread of a new viral infection, with the establishment of legal liability for their violation. It is substantiated that such packages of measures should also, among other things, take into account the regulation of relations in the economic sphere and contain a set (system) of measures of a compensatory nature. In conclusion, conclusions corresponding to the topic of the study are made. © 2022, Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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In recent decades, great emphasis has been placed on the problem of regulation of inflationary processes in the context of the creation of a model of sustainable development of the economic system. The study of international practices in the development of the theory of inflation has made it possible to build a frame of reference in which inflation is treated as a problem of sustainable development of the economy. The authors of this research believe that the financial and legal aspects of inflation targeting are fairly relevant and significantly aggravated by the problem of the coronavirus pandemic. Within this research, the authors paid special attention to the expediency of a departure from the rental model of the economy. The analytical method was used as the main research method. It was concluded that inflation targeting is an effective financial regulator of inflationary processes. Supporting transparency of the Central Bank of Russia is a prerequisite to the financial and legal mechanism for the transition to the inflation targeting regime in Russia, which is achievable through the establishment of a government body (in the form of a board or committee) to regulate the monetary policy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The global probiotics industry has been undergoing major changes in recent years. Approaches to finding and creating new probiotics, as well as a paradigm of their use in food, medicine, and pharmacology are changing. The catalyst proved to be the increasing popularity and availability of omics technologies, in particular, metagenomic studies of human and animal microbiomes. However, the efficiency and safety of drugs based on probiotic strains, as well as their marketing rates, largely depend on the levels of legal and technical regulation in the field. The present review discusses the aspects of legal regulation in Russia, the European Union and the United States, along with the advantages and disadvantages of probiotics and postbiotics. A consensus is emerging that postbiotics have a number of advantages over classical live probiotic cultures. The review also focuses on the lactobacilli family, which includes the largest number of probiotic strains studied so far and still holds a leading position among probiotics. On the legislative front, Russia is often ahead of its time with adopting such laws as the Federal Law No. 492-FZ on biosecurity, which defined the concept of human and animal microbiota and set forth legislative guidelines for its preservation. The new field of research referred to as microbiome nutrigenomics aims to achieve this goal.
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The article concerns the experiences of academic teachers related to hybrid education at the end of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. The aim of the study was to understand the lecturers' perspective on hybrid education implemented in the first semester of the 2021/2022 academic year at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and an attempt to compare it with traditional education and distance education. The subject of the research was, among others, readiness to implement hybrid teaching, university support for lecturers in the field of hybrid teaching and the diversity of experiences of academic teachers. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that the lecturers declare their readiness to conduct hybrid teaching, especially in the case of their own or students' illness, or random factors that make it impossible to conduct full-time classes or top-down legal regulations. They appreciate the organizational support of their immediate supervisor and the opportunity to make up for classes that have not taken place in a hybrid form. The lecturers highly assess the level of their own involvement in the preparation and conduct of classes, as well as the quality of their didactic work. They see the possibility of using a hybrid approach not only in teaching but also in their self-improvement, work organization and maintaining health. At the same time, they indicate the shortcomings and difficulties related to didactics, social, technical, and organizational aspects, as well as systemic deficiencies. Based on the results, recommendations related to the use of hybrid education in post-pandemic academic education were developed. © The Author(s).
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The article discloses the pathway for enforcing gender equality via legal measures to stimulate economic growth enhancing economic security of EU member-states and Ukraine. Our calculations using Spearman coefficient have shown that the rank correlation coefficient of GDP per capita and gender gap in EU member-states is statistically significant. Therefore, there is a direct and weak connection between gender gap levels and GDP per capita at current market prices of EU member-states. Female empowerment overcoming stereotypes, including gradual eradicating of the false concept of so-called “masculine” jobs, still needs further expansion as only a small percentage of women reach the highest echelons of power influencing domestic and international political, economic and social processes. The global Covid-pandemic creates numerous threats and opportunities caused by social and economic restructuring including the expansion of flexible and remote works, online learning, welfare challenges, etc. The article proves that governments should concentrate on achieving gender equality in health care, education, finance, economy, politics and other spheres to respond to modern challenges. The experience of developed countries, including EU member-states, shows that guaranteeing gender equality results in social and economic progress, therefore, ensuring economic security of the state. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is exerting pressure on law and order, testing the strength of their basic elements and subsystems. It is transforming positive law and system-forming processes in the legal sphere, which ensure the functioning of the legal organization of society developed in the prepandemic period. The pandemic affects it indirectly, having a transformative effect on the mechanisms for exercising public power, law formation, and law implementation, including law enforcement. During the pandemic, human rights, which were not previously positioned in this capacity, have acquired absolute importance. Among them is the right to health protection and proper medical care. Along with this, special legal regimes and many legal institutions of both public and private law have been modernized, and new legal models and practices have been tested that are suitable not only for regulating social relations in extraordinary conditions but also for creating law and order in postpandemic society. Some of them have already been implemented into ordinary legislation. The doctrine recorded a growing multifunctionality of some legal means, as well as the emergence of new legal phenomena, in particular, antipandemic legislation. According to the authors of this article, to respond effectively to emergency situations, it is necessary to expand the existing variable scenarios of legal regulation and create appropriate regulatory templates, algorithms, and procedures for the activities of public authorities, as well as the scopes of their competence in the event of such situations. For Russian law and order, it is relevant in this context to systematize the legal basis of special legal regimes designed for crisis situations with account for the correction made, as well as to develop scientific criteria for differentiating the corresponding regimes.
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The authors analyse the problem of normative and legal regulation of labor migration from Ukraine to the Republic of Poland in the conditions of COVID-19. They study the phenomenon of legislative regulation of migration policy in the examples of Ukrainian and Polish experiences. They especially consider the extensive, but at the same time insufficiently, developed the regulatory framework of Ukraine on migration issues. In addition, they highlight the consequences of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the formation of normative and legal support for the labor migration of Ukrainians to Poland. The authors also discuss Polish successful practices in ensuring orderly and secure migration, and bilateral cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the field of settlement of migration flows and threats. The difference in the national approaches of migration policies of Ukraine and Poland regarding the prompt solution of urgent problems of the migration sphere in a pandemic is highlighted. The authors conclude that it is necessary to form a new integrated migration policy for Ukraine taking into account the positive practices of the Polish approach in this area. © 2022, Spoldzielczy Instytut Naukowy. All rights reserved.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim: The study aims to develop ways of solving the social and legal problems of vaccination against COVID-19, showing them the example of Ukraine before and after the beginning of the active phase of Russian aggression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study is based on international documents and legal acts adopted to combat the COVID-19 epidemic, the survey results of 165 ordinary Ukrainians on vaccination, interviewing health care organizers; statistical information, and content analysis of the media on vaccination, as well as ways of avoiding it. Dialectical, analytical-synthetic, system-structural methods, as well as methods of content analysis, questionnaires, interviews, and included observation, were used. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Ways of overcoming the adverse socio-legal problems of vaccination and related background phenomena are to conduct quality information campaigns to inform the public about the benefits and safety of vaccination, counter misinformation, increase the availability of vaccines with a choice of vaccines from different manufacturers, and increase the effectiveness of criminal legal counteraction to forgery of documents confirming vaccination. After the imposition of martial law in Ukraine, there has been a change in the focus of public attention to solving vital problems, which, along with the transfer of anti-coronavirus restrictions to the status of recommendatory, creates danger of significant reduction in vaccination.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , Human Rights , Humans , Ukraine , VaccinationABSTRACT
The COVID-19 outbreak forced many employers worldwide to organize remote workplaces and introduce new technologies of labor organization in order to protect employees from the threat of disease. After the pandemic is over, it is reasonable to anticipate an increase in telework. The legal framework of telework continues to evolve unevenly in different countries around the world. The BRICS countries lag behind the United States and the European Union in terms of the legal regulation of telework, and they lack the necessary statistical data collection. The integration of the BRICS countries calls for the development of unified approaches to the legal status of teleworkers. The creation of new jobs in the conditions of the pandemic requires the development of the regulatory framework, analysis of innovative experience and assessment of law enforcement. This article systematizes the approaches of Russian and world scientists to the major issues of telework regulation, including: the conceptual apparatus, the advantages and disadvantages of remote employment, the analysis of legislative initiatives of the BRICS countries in the context of a pandemic and the allocation of best practices, the features of concluding, changing and terminating an employment contract, determining the rights and obligations of teleworkers, the implementation of the right to social partnership, and ensuring labor protection, safety and well-being. The findings of the analysis lead to the conclusion that in order to achieve decent work in digital economy, the BRICS countries need to design a general approach to the regulation of telework for similar to the approach taken by the European Union, and to upgrade existing legislation. © 2022, University of Tyumen. All rights reserved.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trends of legal regulation in the business activity under the conditions of new coronavirus infection. The dialectical method of research in conjunction with a retrospective and comparative analysis made it possible to identify three main trends in the legal regulation of entrepreneurial activity in the framework of new socio-economic realities. The increasing role of state regulation of entrepreneurial activity, based on the use of public and legal means, due to the need to increase state intervention in the activities of entrepreneurs is shown. The state support of business for the subsequent development of the economy and compliance with the social balance is also increasing. Accordingly, the social importance of entrepreneurial activity is growing. The pandemic has also intensified the digitalization of entrepreneurial activity, of transport companies, since many traditional forms of doing business are limited by the forced isolation of society. Individual means of digitalization, including the industrial Internet of Things, e-commerce, and smart contracts, have become most prevalent. Consequently, the pandemic cannot be viewed only as a negative factor, its impact on entrepreneurial activity also has a positive effect. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.
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The article examines transformation of the legal regulation of flexible working hours, home-based work and teleworking in Ukraine in the context of the experience of foreign countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is investigated that under quarantine conditions the application of these forms of labour organization has increased and their legislative regulation in Ukraine and foreign countries has improved. Currently, in Ukraine flexible working hours are applied not only to employees who work under an employment contract, but also to government employees. The legal regulation of home-based work and teleworking has undergone some transformations from their initial identification to the subsequent differentiation. Legislative consolidation of teleworking has led to the establishment of a new institution, namely the right to disconnect (the period of free time of the employee who works remotely). Comparative characteristics of flexible working hours, home-based work and teleworking according to the laws of Ukraine are identified. It has been found that the legalization of non-traditional forms of labour organization including flexible working hours, home-based work and teleworking under quarantine conditions has allowed maintaining the stability of labour relations, ensuring social distance of workers and reducing the morbidity levelduring the COVID-19 pandemic. © The Electrochemical Society
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The study examines the legal nature of administrative measures to curb the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the development of law. The recognition of the global spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization led to the adoption of large-scale administrative measures around the world to minimize the effect of the pandemic on public health. In the Russian Federation, these measures are expressed in the form of a special legal regime - a high-readiness regime. The purpose of the paper is to reveal various aspects of the impact of administrative measures for the protection of public health during the pandemic on the trends in the development of law as a regulator of public relations. To achieve the set goal, the study addresses the following objectives: the concept of public health is examined as a category that requires comprehensive support on the part of the state, the dynamics of law-making activities of Russian authorities in the course of the pandemic are analyzed;the measures adopted to preserve public health in the spread of COVID-19 that are associated with the restriction of certain constitutional rights of citizens are examined. A comparative study of anti-COVID restrictions in different countries of the world is carried out, their categories depending on the degree of severity are identified. The influence of the restrictions on the development of legal regulation of social relations is studied. An argument is presented that the imperative method of permissive type of regulation is predominant in the fight against the pandemic. The problem of admissibility of limitation of certain constitutional rights of citizens when introducing anti-COVID restrictions is analyzed. Based on the results of the study, proposals are formulated to bring in line the fundamental acts on human rights and the new legislation on the protection of public health.
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The article substantiates the prospects of a systematic approach to the theoretical understanding of the legal nature of telemedicine and the improvement of the legal regulation system of the use of telemedicine technologies in Russia. With the help of a complex of general scientific methods of theoretical cognition (analysis, synthesis, ion, etc.), as well as a set of private law and special methods (historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal, statistical), which made it possible to achieve a systematic approach in solving research problems, a circle of researchers who have made a significant contribution to the study of the topic has been identified the analysis of the legal essence and various approaches to the formulation of the concept of “telemedicine” is carried out, the author's classification of the sources of legal regulation of telemedicine is proposed. The increasing importance of the technology under consideration in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and the need for an early digital transformation of the healthcare sector is proved. The legal problems of the application of telemedicine technologies in Russia are outlined. From the standpoint of a systematic approach, recommendations are given aimed at creating a standardized, integrated and regulated system of telemedicine care in Russia. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] В статье обосновывается перспективность системного подхода в вопросах теоретического осмысления правовой природы телемедицины и совершенствования системы правового регулирования применения телемедицинских технологий в России. При помощи комплекса общенаучных методов теоретического познания (анализа, синтеза, абстрагирования и т. д.), а также совокупности частноправовых и специальных методов (историко-правового, формально-юридического, сравнительно-правового, статистического), позволивших добиться системного подхода в решении исследовательских задач, определен круг исследователей, внесших значительный вклад в изучение темы, проведен анализ правовой сущности и различных подходов к формулировке понятия «телемедицина», предложена авторская классификация источников правового регулирования телемедицины. Доказано возрастание значимости рассматриваемой технологии в условиях пандемии коронавируса и необходимости скорейшей цифровой трансформации сферы здравоохранения. Обозначены правовые проблемы применения телемедицинских технологий в России. С позиций системного подхода даны рекомендации, направленные на создание в России стандартизированной, интегрированной и регулируемой системы оказания телемедицинской помощи. (Russian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Russian Law is the property of Legal Publishing House 'Norma' and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Due to the development of information technology and globalization, E-commerce started to develop rapidly in the world, affording small businesses and individuals to enter the market. COVID-19 also pushed this type of economic activity spread as the only way for business to customer (B2C). However, there are several aspects as logistics, legal regulations, social and economic situations in and outside of the country that should be improved for smooth development of this type of economic activity. The authors also considered the merits and demerits of e-commerce, the state of E-Commerce in the Republic of Uzbekistan. © 2021 ACM.
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The current pandemic raises substantive ethical and legal challenges for inpatient psychiatric units striving simultaneously to contain COVID-19 and provide safe, high-quality psychiatric care. Among these challenges, psychiatric units need to consider their role in isolating and quarantining COVID-19 positive patients who are psychiatrically cleared for discharge. We examine this complex dilemma by evaluating mental health law, quarantine law, public health ethics, a case from an urban academic medical center's inpatient unit, and literature focused on treatment and isolation protocols during HIV and tuberculosis epidemics. Although inpatient units are highly restrictive and intended for acute psychiatric treatment, at present there are no obvious isolation, quarantine, or housing options for many patients with mental illness infected with COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Pandemics , Patient Discharge , Quarantine , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The initiation of restrictive measures throughout the Russian Federation in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, as well as the inability of courts to function as usual, demonstrated a high need to improve judicial activity in terms of the use of modern information technologies. On the one hand, the impossibility of holding court hearings and performing other procedural actions in connection with the ban on visiting court buildings by the participants in the process entailed the suspension / postponement of court proceedings in most cases (except for those that were classified as urgent), on the other hand it stimulated a quick response to the current situation in the form of the creation of new online judicial services. The author analyses the peculiarities of holding a court session by using a web conference, highlights the advantages, and indicates the existing risks. In the course of the study the author comes to the conclusion that the emergence of the possibility of holding court sessions through web conferences made it possible to optimize the activities of the courts and ensure the prompt access of individuals to the performance of certain procedural actions in an electronic and remote format, which is definitely the future of the judicial system. The need for these transformations is unconditional. Research contribution: the mechanism for conducting court sessions in the online format should be provided for in the relevant regulatory legal act, in which both procedural and technological solutions should be fixed. Without proper legislative regulation, it is impossible to fully ensure access to justice and guarantee the observance of the rights of persons participating in a court session via a web conference. © 2021 ACM.
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The article is dedicated to the impact of digitalization on the enterprise system from the point of view of Italian and Russian legal regimes. The increasing impact of technological innovation in everyday life is leading to important changes, also in the context of the employment relationship, in many perspectives. The authors analyze the transformation of legal regulation of Italy and Russia in the sphere of labor relations, paying special attention to the challenges that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.